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[1] The definition of national identity will be given later, but it is now important to note that there is disagreement on the most significant variable in identity.  While this model defines identity according to attachment to Quebec (and its opposite, a dual Canada-Quebec attachment), other authors have made contradictory findings which will be discussed below.  It is also interesting how earlier work by the same authors states that Canadian identity was the significant variable (Nadeau and Blais 1992:95).

[2] Mendelsohn’s study defined level of attachment to Canada as the significant determinant of identity (521).  If an individual is attached to Canada, they possess a dual Canada-Quebec attachment, while an individual not attached to Canada will solely identify with Quebec.