Tag Archives: Management

Walt Disney: Always Dreaming Of Tomorrow / Engineer Your Future

Disneyland ParkDisneyland was finished in 1955 in Anaheim California but it had a limited size and the value of the land around Disneyland was astronomical once the business model was proven to be highly successful. Hotels, restaurants were built around Disneyland which made expansion difficult. As a result of the difficulties faced in California, Walt Disney was engaged in a cloak and dagger ploy to buy land and then build a massive theme park in central Florida.

Walt Disney Amusement ParkIn 1964, Walt was able to purchase a great deal of land but it had to be done secretly. $180 per acre was the cost for a total of 27,000 acres of swampland. The utilitor was built on the ground floor and Disney World’s Magic Kingdom was actually build 14 feet above this walkway system for employees. DisneyWorld was opened in 1971 with an attendance that hit 10 million in less than two years. The theme park was the perfect tourist attraction. One of the powerful ideas fuelinf Disney World was that DisneyWorld is the never-ending plus-able theme park. Walt Disney World is ‘always in a state of becoming’ implying that DisneyWorld is never finished. As a child we were always told that.

Disney World FloridaIn reality, DisneyWorld has brand power such that it no longer needs to expand its development. It was an ingenious design. Epcot was the vision of modern planned communicty development. For Disney, building something real which is tangible gives you more control. If Walt Disney asked that you did something, you’d better make it real. Optimal Behaviorists push to maintain the top of their energy with a feeling of optimistism. Disney lived by this credo of using every minute of the day to achieve set goals.

Business Is Like A Grilled Cheese Sandwich + Tomato Soup

Grilled Cheese Sandwich Business

Most of the value is in the cheese, the bread and the accompanying tomato soup. Mmm, that all tastes toooooo good. And when customers taste the food, they think “that was a great sandwich” and very rarely think “some Chef made that.” We rarely see the Chef to begin with. The quality of the ingredients is essential. It’s the reason Italian food is so good when, surprise, you actually go to Italy. The Chef is still important however.

The angry cheese and the management that gets all the credit

 

Strange Metaphor

Just like a good grilled cheese sandwich, you need great employees to help create awesome products. However, the cheese is not going to convince the bread to get into the frying pan together. You need that Chef. The Chefs are the management. What frustrates workers is that they are the ones that produce the quality outcome as the cheese the bread and tomato soup. It doesn’t seem fair and it probably isn’t that the cheese and bread don’t get the credit for the amazing meal. The chefs do. From Steve Jobs to George Lucas to Richard Branson, the chefs get a the bulk of the credit and the value from orchestrating the meal that is any business. They just sit in the kitchen while customers eat the cheese and bread and tomato soup that are the true value of the transaction. This is why social democratic values will always live on. It doesn’t seem fair that the cheese that makes the sandwich awesome gets paid less than the chef. It’s really hard to see whether the Chef made the meal awesome or the ingredients themselves are where the value lies…..

Grilled Cheese Sandwich is a Business Model

The difference in business (if there is one: sarcasm) is that sometimes the cheese is smarter than the Chef. But if the chef doesn’t listen and just wants the cheese to stay flavourful, then management misses out on something awesome. In fact, recognising when someone who is not a manager is way smarter than the managers can lead to the opposite effect which is that the Chef replaces that cheese. I think I’ve taken this metaphor too far….

Lee Iacocca: Discredit the Person Who Fired You

The lesson Iacocca teaches here is that you should never fail to return a punch in politics or in business. Chapter XI of Iacocca’s autobiography called “Trouble In Paradise” explains in great detail why Henry Ford II (who fired Lee Iacocca in July of 1978) was a complete buffoon:

  • According to Iacocca, Ford II was homophobic, racist and would fire people for superfluous reasons;
  • Ford II believed that keeping employees anxious and off-balance was the best way to manage them;
  • Ford II was security obsessed because his grandfather had sheltered him throughout his entire life worrying about kidnappings, then in 1946, Henry Ford was ousted from Ford Motor Company by the very grandson he swore to protect, ie Henry Ford II. No one is to be trusted;
  • Ford II was extremely paranoid, if he saw two top managers speaking in a hallway he would want to know the conversation, he would never put anything in writing, and in fact burnt most of his documents believing his grandfather’s maxim that “History is bunk”;
  • Ford II did not believe that building smaller cars was the way forward despite the oil crisis in 1973 and ignored the growing market of cheap imports coming from Japan which were considered too small to warrant demand in the US market. Ford II wasn’t willing to gamble on a $500 million refitting of a plant to created the Ford Fiesta in the US;
  • When Iacocca started a deal with Mr. Honda to use their motorbike engine in a new fuel efficient car for the US at a cheap price tag of $700 per car, Ford II famously stated that “No car with my name on the hood is going to have a Jap engine inside!”;
  • Ford II behaved like a member of the royal family and regularly talked about moving to Europe;
  • Ford II did not want Iacocca to tout the Ford Motor Company stock on Wall Street even though Ford was a publically traded company as of 1956. Any positive press directed at Iacocca for his leadership was seen as a threat by Ford II.
  • Ford II was never accountable to shareholders and apparently rarely had to pay taxes because his lawyers moved the money into special paper companies. Ford II never spent his own money and shareholders revolted at one point in the 1970s and sued Ford but he managed to avoid culpability through an out of court settlement;
  • For Iacocca, Ford II spearheaded “the abomination that was the Renaissance Centre” (according to Iacocca) in downtown Detroit which was designed to rejuvenate the city. It was a monument to Henry Ford II’s own ego according to Iacocca.
  • Ford II even set up a bribe with an Indonesian Military General through a low level manager at Ford and when it was exposed the manager was blamed.
  • Iacocca believes that Ford II fired him because of a concern for the future of the Ford family within Ford. He tried to humiliate Iacocca into quitting the Ford Motor Company even though 1978 was a profitable year at a revenue of $2 billion.
  • While Iacocca was on vacation in 1975, Ford II ordered $2 billion of R&D in small cars and front-wheel drive to be halted because of the OPEC situation. Ford II even compared himself to Sewell Avery (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewell_Avery) who also thought that the US was going under and made many cuts in the run up to World War II but did not invest in future plans or projects leading to a collapse of Montgomery Ward.
  • Ford II gave a wild speech to top management where he said “I am the captain of this ship” and that others were going about things all wrong, 1974 was a loss year of $12 million.
  • Ford II initiated a private investigation against Iacocca in 1975 in order to discredit him and pin him to an association with the Italian mafia which cost Ford $2 million dollars to prosecute. The investigation produced no evidence and therefore was a huge embarrassment to Ford II.
  • Ford II did not have the character to fire people himself.
  • Iacocca’s salary was $970,000 per year at Ford so he decided to stay even though Ford II did not want him in that role. Ford II tried to fire people closely associated with Iacocca. Ford II fired Hal Sperlich because of his association with Iacocca and because Sperlich wanted to build smaller cars. Ford II had Iacocca fire Hal Sperlich because of a ‘feeling he had’.
  • Ford II brought in McKinsey to restructure the company so that there was a troika with Iacocca as the 3rd in command thus eroding Iacocca’s authority in a socially acceptable manner and then put Iacocca in 4th position under Bill Ford, Henry’s more stable younger brother.
  • Ford II couldn’t convince the board to fire Iacocca because Lee had been responsible for 3 major successes: the Mustang, the Mark III and the Fiesta, and was loyal to the company;

 

  • Ford II was good at spending money but he didn’t know how to make any according to Iacocca;
  • Famously, Ford II’s explanation for firing Iacocca was that “Sometimes you don’t like someone!”
  • Ford II later ran into Iacocca and his wife at a social event and instead of saying hello, Henry Ford II walked away abruptly i.e. he lacked character.
  • Years later, Chrysler would be posting amazing profits while Ford struggled.
This is a synopsis & analysis based on Iacocca: An Autobiography and other miscellaneous research sources. Enjoy.

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